Global Early Treatment Adoption for COVID-19
Algeria
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
https://www.theafricareport.com/26264/coronavirus-didier-raoult-the-african-and-chloroquin.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.afrik.com/edouard-philippe-emporte-par-le-covid-didier-raoult-l-hydroxychloroq.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/africa/Algeria-backs-hydroxychloroquine-use/4552902-.. (Internet Archive)
https://al-bab.com/blog/2020/05/covid-19-algeria-and-morocco-continue-using-chloroquine-de.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.dovepress.com/off-label-use-of-chloroquine-and-hydroxychloroquine-for-covid-19.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.barrons.com/news/hydroxychloroquine-a-drug-dividing-the-world-01591006809 (Internet Archive)
Argentina
Ivermectin - unofficial - mixed usage - Jan 26, 2021
https://www.perfil.com/noticias/agro/coronavirus-san-antonio-de-areco-implementara-tratami.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.clarin.com/sociedad/cientificos-argentinos-investigaron-ivermectina-defienden-.. (Internet Archive)
https://diario33.com.ar/misiones-profundiza-la-implementacion-de-la-ivermectina-en-pacient.. (Internet Archive)
Australia
Sotrovimab - official - country-wide adoption
Bahrain
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2020/03/26/Bahrain-one-of-the-first-countries-t.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.gulf-insider.com/coronavirus-bahrains-therapeutic-medication-proved-effective/ (Internet Archive)
Bangladesh
Ivermectin - official - country-wide adoption
Belarus
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - unofficial - mixed usage
Belize
Ivermectin - official - country-wide adoption - used for serious cases - Dec 18, 2020
Benin
Casirivimab/imdevimab - official - country-wide adoption
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
Bolivia
Ivermectin - official - country-wide adoption
Botswana
Ivermectin - unofficial - mixed usage
Brazil
Ivermectin - unofficial - used in some regions - Jan 26, 2021
https://terrabrasilnoticias.com/2021/01/associacao-medica-do-rn-defende-tratamento-precoce.. (Internet Archive)
Bulgaria
Ivermectin - official - country-wide adoption
Burkina Faso
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afrique/senegal/ces-pays-africains-qui-ont-decide-de-con.. (Internet Archive)
Burundi
Casirivimab/imdevimab - official - country-wide adoption
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
Cambodia
Ivermectin - official - country-wide adoption
Cameroon
Casirivimab/imdevimab - official - country-wide adoption
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
https://www.france24.com/en/20200503-covid-19-in-cameroon-a-chloroquine-therapy-hailed-by-.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/cameroon-begins-large-scale-ch.. (Internet Archive)
Canada
Bamlanivimab - official - country-wide adoption
Casirivimab/imdevimab - official - country-wide adoption
Central African Republic
Casirivimab/imdevimab - official - country-wide adoption
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
Chad
Casirivimab/imdevimab - official - country-wide adoption
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
Chile
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - unofficial - mixed usage
China
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption - CQ is used instead of HCQ
https://www.archyde.com/china-approves-chloroquine-instead-of-hydroxychloroquine-against-c.. (Internet Archive)
Probiotics - official - country-wide adoption
Colombia
Ivermectin - unofficial - used in many regions
Congo
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
Remdesivir - official - country-wide adoption
Costa Rica
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
https://ticotimes.net/2020/06/15/news-briefs-reopening-plans-on-track-hydroxychloroquine-u.. (Internet Archive)
Cuba
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
Czech Republic
Ivermectin - official - isolated use - authorized, but reportedly almost no use
https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/domaci/invermektin-v-cesku-konci-ministerstvo-mu-neda-dalsi-vy.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.novinky.cz/domaci/clanek/ivermektin-bude-moci-jit-do-vsech-lekaren-40353842 (Internet Archive)
https://www.sukl.cz/leciva/informace-o-povoleni-pouzivani-neregistrovaneho-leciveho-5 (Internet Archive)
https://www.mzcr.cz/rozhodnuti-o-docasnem-povoleni-distribuce-vydeje-a-pouzivani-neregistr.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.mzcr.cz/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Rozhodnut%C3%AD-o-do%C4%8Dasn%C3%A9m-povole.. (Internet Archive)
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
https://news.expats.cz/weekly-czech-news/czech-health-ministry-permits-temporary-use-of-hy.. (Internet Archive)
https://web.archive.org/web/20210412200113/https://www.hsj.gr/medicine/is-there-a-correlat..
Democratic Republic of Congo
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
Djibouti
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
https://www.dovepress.com/off-label-use-of-chloroquine-and-hydroxychloroquine-for-covid-19.. (Internet Archive)
Dominican Republic
Ivermectin - official - country-wide adoption - Sep 30, 2020
Ecuador
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - unofficial - mixed usage
Egypt
Ivermectin - official - country-wide adoption - Nov 30, 2020
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - unofficial - mixed usage
https://www.dovepress.com/off-label-use-of-chloroquine-and-hydroxychloroquine-for-covid-19.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.beegsonews.com/egypt-reveals-results-of-hydroxychloroquine-with-people-with-co.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/83104/Egypt-uses-chloroquine-in-treating-COVID-19-pat.. (Internet Archive)
https://web.archive.org/web/20210412200113/https://www.hsj.gr/medicine/is-there-a-correlat..
https://wwww.dailynewssegypt.com/2020/05/30/egypt-still-uses-hcq-for-treating-some-covid-1.. (Internet Archive)
El Salvador
Ivermectin - official - country-wide adoption
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - unofficial - mixed usage
Eritrea
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
Gabon
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
Germany
Ivermectin - unofficial - isolated use - Dec 31, 2020
https://www.barmherzige-muenchen.de/medien/meldungen/artikel/global-partner-flccc-alliance.. (Internet Archive)
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - unofficial - mixed usage
https://web.archive.org/web/20210412200113/https://www.hsj.gr/medicine/is-there-a-correlat..
https://blogs.mediapart.fr/brigitte-pascall/blog/211020/lallemagne-massivement-utilise-lhy.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/covid-19-deutsche-aerzte-verschrieben-von-donald-trump-e.. (Internet Archive)
https://rp-online.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/corona-krise-bayer-spendet-acht-millionen-chlo.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.deutsche-apotheker-zeitung.de/news/artikel/2020/04/06/bfarm-keine-ambulanten-o.. (Internet Archive)
Ghana
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
https://www.dovepress.com/off-label-use-of-chloroquine-and-hydroxychloroquine-for-covid-19.. (Internet Archive)
Remdesivir - official - country-wide adoption
Greece
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-06-global-controversy-greece-chloroquine.html (Internet Archive)
https://web.archive.org/web/20210412200113/https://www.hsj.gr/medicine/is-there-a-correlat..
Guatemala
Ivermectin - official - country-wide adoption - Jan 23, 2021
Guinea
Casirivimab/imdevimab - official - country-wide adoption
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
Guinea-Bissau
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
Honduras
Ivermectin - official - country-wide adoption - Apr 23, 2020
https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/honduras-treatment-for-covid-19-stands-out-worldw.. (Internet Archive)
Iceland
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - unofficial - mixed usage
https://grapevine.is/news/2020/03/31/iceland-expects-huge-shipment-of-anti-malarial-drug-t.. (Internet Archive)
India
Budesonide - official - country-wide adoption
Sotrovimab - official - country-wide adoption
Ivermectin - official - used in many regions - 4/28/21 recommended by ICMR, usage in some states differs, DGHS disagrees
https://trialsitenews.com/icmr-includes-ivermectin-for-covid-19-indication-in-national-lis.. (Internet Archive)
https://zeenews.india.com/india/covid-19-uttarakhand-government-to-distribute-ivermectin-t.. (Internet Archive)
https://transformingindia.mygov.in/covid19/guidelines-for-home-isolation-of-mild-asymptoma.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/RevisedguidelinesforHomeIsolationofmildasymptomaticCOVID19cas.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.icmr.gov.in/pdf/covid/techdoc/COVID19_Management_Algorithm_22042021_v1.pdf (Internet Archive)
https://transformingindia.mygov.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Guidelines-for-Home-Isolatio.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/20126/0/MoPR-Advisory+on+SoPs+on+COVID-19+Containme.. (Internet Archive)
https://transformingindia.mygov.in/covid19/clinical-guidance-for-management-of-adult-covid.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.deshgujarat.com/2021/04/22/live-ivermectin-and-fevipiravir-added-to-clinical-p.. (Internet Archive)
https://web.archive.org/web/20201004145236/http://dgmhup.gov.in/DocumentsCovid19/1621.pdf
https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/uploaded_files/corona/WB_Covid_protocol_book_25.09_.20_(1)_.pd.. (Internet Archive)
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - mixed usage
https://www.icmr.gov.in/pdf/covid/techdoc/COVID19_Management_Algorithm_22042021_v1.pdf (Internet Archive)
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30313-3/fulltext (Internet Archive)
https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/maharashtra-expands-use-of-hydroxychloroquin.. (Internet Archive)
https://web.archive.org/web/20210412200113/https://www.hsj.gr/medicine/is-there-a-correlat..
https://www.oneindia.com/india/no-covid-19-death-in-manipur-mizoram-nagaland-sikkim-so-far.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.msn.com/en-ph/news/world/india-backs-hydroxychloroquine-for-virus-prevention/a.. (Internet Archive)
https://indianexpress.com/article/india/vadodara-administration-drive-hcq-helping-in-conta.. (Internet Archive)
Favipiravir - official - isolated use
Remdesivir - official - isolated use
Indonesia
Ivermectin - official - mixed usage
https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20210621181555-4-254839/ivermectin-dapat-izin-bpom-obat.. (Internet Archive)
https://en.tempo.co/read/1483423/bpom-approves-ivermectin-as-covid-19-therapeutic-drug (Internet Archive)
https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1475110/terpopuler-bisnis-obat-covid-ivermectin-resmi-dirilis.. (Internet Archive)
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - mixed usage
https://www.theaustralian.com.au/world/coronavirus-india-and-indonesia-stand-by-antimalari.. (Internet Archive)
Iran
Ivermectin - unofficial - mixed usage - now manufacturing their own ivermectin, but the level of usage is unclear
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
Israel
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - unofficial - mixed usage
https://www.timesofisrael.com/malaria-drug-stockpiled-by-israel-shows-no-benefit-in-virus-.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-israel-preparing-to-use-unapproved-medication.. (Internet Archive)
Jamaica
Ivermectin - official - isolated use - authorized for off-label use, availability delayed
Japan
Casirivimab/imdevimab - official - country-wide adoption
Sotrovimab - official - country-wide adoption
Ivermectin - unofficial - used in some regions - May 18, 2020
Lebanon
Ivermectin - official - country-wide adoption - Jan 27, 2021
Luxembourg
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - unofficial - mixed usage
Madagascar
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
Malaysia
Ivermectin - unofficial - isolated use
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - unofficial - mixed usage
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-india-malaysia-exc/exclusive-india-a.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/covid-19-malaysia-hydroxychloroquine-still-using.. (Internet Archive)
https://codeblue.galencentre.org/2020/06/09/malaysia-finds-hydroxychloroquine-can-slow-cov.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/03/29/chloroquine-used-to-treat-covid-19-pati.. (Internet Archive)
https://codeblue.galencentre.org/2020/06/22/malaysia-drops-hydroxychloroquine-from-covid-1.. (Internet Archive)
Favipiravir - official - country-wide adoption
Mali
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
Mexico
Ivermectin - official - mixed usage - Dec 29, 2020
https://lopezdoriga.com/nacional/secretaria-de-salud-actualizara-lineamientos-de-atencion-.. (Internet Archive)
Morocco
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
https://www.dovepress.com/off-label-use-of-chloroquine-and-hydroxychloroquine-for-covid-19.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.afrik.com/covid-19-pourquoi-les-marocains-decedent-plus-en-europe-qu-au-maroc (Internet Archive)
https://www.theafricareport.com/26264/coronavirus-didier-raoult-the-african-and-chloroquin.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.afrik.com/edouard-philippe-emporte-par-le-covid-didier-raoult-l-hydroxychloroq.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2020/06/306587/moroccan-scientist-moroccos-chloroquine-su.. (Internet Archive)
https://web.archive.org/web/20210412200113/https://www.hsj.gr/medicine/is-there-a-correlat..
https://www.mediterranee-infection.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/COVIDAfricaJOUMII.pdf (Internet Archive)
https://al-bab.com/blog/2020/05/covid-19-algeria-and-morocco-continue-using-chloroquine-de.. (Internet Archive)
https://northafricapost.com/41247-morocco-continues-use-of-chloroquine-despite-controversy.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.barrons.com/news/hydroxychloroquine-a-drug-dividing-the-world-01591006809 (Internet Archive)
Namibia
Remdesivir - official - country-wide adoption
Nicaragua
Ivermectin - official - country-wide adoption - Jan 25, 2021
Niger
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
Nigeria
Ivermectin - unofficial - used in many regions
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/06/covid-19-nigerian-study-finds-chloroquine-hydroxychlor.. (Internet Archive)
https://medicalworldnigeria.com/post/Chloroquine-Potent-For-COVID-19-Prevention-Says-NAFDA.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.dovepress.com/off-label-use-of-chloroquine-and-hydroxychloroquine-for-covid-19.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.westafricanpilotnews.com/2020/08/26/chloroquine-cqb-treat-coronavirus-at-early.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/nigeria-goes-on-with-hydroxychloroquine-clinical-trials/18.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afrique/senegal/ces-pays-africains-qui-ont-decide-de-con.. (Internet Archive)
North Macedonia
Ivermectin - official - mixed usage - Jan 15, 2021
Oman
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - unofficial - mixed usage
Pakistan
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - unofficial - mixed usage
https://web.archive.org/web/20210412200113/https://www.hsj.gr/medicine/is-there-a-correlat..
http://covid.gov.pk/new_guidelines/04July2020_20200704_Clinical_Management_Guidelines_for_.. (Internet Archive)
Panama
Ivermectin - official - country-wide adoption
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - unofficial - mixed usage
Paraguay
Proxalutamide - official - country-wide adoption
Ivermectin - official - used in some regions
Peru
Ivermectin - unofficial - used in some regions - was widely used but later restricted, a study shows 14x reduction in excess deaths when used and 13x increase when restricted - May 8, 2020
https://trialsitenews.com/ivermectin-for-covid-19-in-peru-14-fold-reduction-in-nationwide-.. (Internet Archive)
Philippines
Ivermectin - unofficial - isolated use
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1428808/ivermectin-gets-fda-nod-for-human-consumption (Internet Archive)
https://news.abs-cbn.com/video/news/04/08/21/ph-fda-grants-hospital-compassionate-use-perm.. (Internet Archive)
Poland
Budesonide - official - country-wide adoption - Apr 26, 2021
Remdesivir - official - country-wide adoption
Portugal
Ivermectin - unofficial - used in some regions
https://www.portugalresident.com/portuguese-doctors-support-ivermectin-to-treat-early-sign.. (Internet Archive)
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - unofficial - mixed usage
https://www.portugalresident.com/covid-19-portugal-becomes-4th-country-to-suspend-use-of-h.. (Internet Archive)
Qatar
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
Russia
Budesonide - official - country-wide adoption
Favipiravir - official - country-wide adoption
Saudi Arabia
Budesonide - official - country-wide adoption
Casirivimab/imdevimab - official - country-wide adoption
Sotrovimab - official - country-wide adoption
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - unofficial - mixed usage
Favipiravir - official - country-wide adoption
Senegal
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
https://wfuv.org/content/senegal-pledges-bed-every-coronavirus-patient-%E2%80%94-and-their.. (Internet Archive)
http://www.tellerreport.com/news/2020-05-02-coronavirus--a-study-in-senegal-confirms-the-e.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.africanews.com/2020/04/06/coronavirus-patients-on-chloroquine-heal-faster-sene.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.dovepress.com/off-label-use-of-chloroquine-and-hydroxychloroquine-for-covid-19.. (Internet Archive)
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-04-senegal-hydroxychloroquine-virus-treatment.html (Internet Archive)
https://www.afrik.com/edouard-philippe-emporte-par-le-covid-didier-raoult-l-hydroxychloroq.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.theafricareport.com/26264/coronavirus-didier-raoult-the-african-and-chloroquin.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.barrons.com/news/hydroxychloroquine-a-drug-dividing-the-world-01591006809 (Internet Archive)
https://www.mediterranee-infection.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/COVIDAfricaJOUMII.pdf (Internet Archive)
Slovakia
Ivermectin - official - mixed usage - while approved, press has been divided, censorship is common, and access is limited but improving - Jan 27, 2021
https://www.health.gov.sk/Zdroje?/Sources/kategorizacia/doku_kl/ziad_lieky/Ivermectin-tabl.. (Internet Archive)
https://spectator.sme.sk/c/22583299/use-of-parasite-medication-to-treat-coronavirus-patien.. (Internet Archive)
https://trialsitenews.com/beyond-the-roundup-first-eu-nation-to-approve-ivermectin-for-cov.. (Internet Archive)
https://bratislava.zoznam.sk/kauza-ivermectin-zistovali-sme-kde-sa-da-zohnat-a-kedy-bude-k.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.novinky.cz/koronavirus/clanek/slovensky-prukopnik-lecby-ivermektinem-neni-naho.. (Internet Archive)
South Africa
Ivermectin - unofficial - mixed usage - may be prescribed without section 21 approval from 3/17/21, compounding allowed from 4/7/21 - Jan 27, 2021
https://www.iol.co.za/pretoria-news/news/doctors-can-now-prescribe-ivermectin-as-treatment.. (Internet Archive)
South Korea
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
Thailand
Ivermectin - unofficial - isolated use
Favipiravir - official - country-wide adoption
Tunisia
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - unofficial - mixed usage
Turkey
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
https://bianet.org/english/health/230676-turkey-begins-distributing-hydroxychloroquine-to-.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/coronavirus-turkey-hydroxychloroquine-malaria-treatment.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.palmerfoundation.com.au/turkey-highest-covid-19-cases-and-lowest-fatalities-in.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.msn.com/en-au/news/world/turkey-claims-success-treating-virus-with-drug-touted.. (Internet Archive)
https://web.archive.org/web/20210412200113/https://www.hsj.gr/medicine/is-there-a-correlat..
https://www.barrons.com/news/hydroxychloroquine-a-drug-dividing-the-world-01591006809 (Internet Archive)
Favipiravir - official - country-wide adoption
USA
Fluvoxamine - unofficial - isolated use
Bamlanivimab - official - country-wide adoption
Casirivimab/imdevimab - official - country-wide adoption
Sotrovimab - official - country-wide adoption
Ivermectin - unofficial - used in some regions - Oct 31, 2020
Ukraine
Ivermectin - official - mixed usage
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
https://www.dec.gov.ua/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2020_762_protokol_covid19-f.pdf (Internet Archive)
United Arab Emirates
Sotrovimab - official - country-wide adoption
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
https://www.dha.gov.ae/en/HealthRegulation/Documents/COVID%20National%20Guidelines%20FINAL.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/abu-dhabi/combating-coronavirus-surge-in-recoveries-as-ua.. (Internet Archive)
https://gulfnews.com/uae/coronavirus-patient-in-dubai-i-feel-lucky-to-be-in-the-uae-they-a.. (Internet Archive)
United Kingdom
Budesonide - official - country-wide adoption
Casirivimab/imdevimab - official - country-wide adoption
Venezuela
Ivermectin - official - country-wide adoption
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - official - country-wide adoption
https://efectococuyo.com/coronavirus/venezuela-empieza-a-usar-la-cloroquina-para-tratar-co.. (Internet Archive)
https://web.archive.org/web/20210412200113/https://www.hsj.gr/medicine/is-there-a-correlat..
Favipiravir - official - country-wide adoption
Vitamin C - official - country-wide adoption
Remdesivir - official - country-wide adoption
Yemen
(Hydroxy)chloroquine - unofficial - isolated use
Zimbabwe
Ivermectin - official - country-wide adoption - Jan 28, 2021
https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/amp/news/africa/2021-06-27-zimbabwe-approves-use-of-ivermect.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/zimbabwe-oks-use-of-ivermectin-after-officials-deaths/2125.. (Internet Archive)
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-27/south-africa-allows-use-of-parasite-dru.. (Internet Archive)
Source: https://c19adoption.com/
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