Immune Systems Advisor

Abstract Interest in “spike protein detoxification” has increased following reports of persistent symptoms after COVID-19 infection or vaccination. Protocols promoted by Peter A. McCullough and others typically include nutraceutical combinations such as nattokinase, bromelain, and curcumin. Concurrently, “spike protein testing” using antibody assays has been proposed to guide therapy. This review critically evaluates: The biological plausibility of spike protein persistence The McCullough detox protocol The role and limitations of spike protein testing The current level of clinical evidence Key finding: While hypotheses exist and early observational data suggest possible mechanisms, there is currently no high-quality clinical evidence supporting routine spike protein detoxification or testing in asymptomatic individuals. In the meantime we must be perceptive as patients and open-minded as clinicians to come up with reasonable approaches that can be used to help those sick n...

Abstract Background: Persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, commonly referred to as Long COVID, affect a significant subset of patients. Spike protein persistence, immune dysfunction, and microvascular pathology have been proposed as contributing mechanisms. Objective: To review current evidence regarding spike protein persistence, immune dysregulation, microclot formation, and systemic dysfunction in Long COVID, and to summarize evidence-informed recovery strategies. Methods: A narrative review of peer-reviewed studies and public health guidance was conducted, focusing on immunology, vascular pathology, and persistent viral antigen detection in post-acute COVID-19 patients. Sources include Nature , Cell , Clinical Infectious Diseases , and The Lancet . Results: Spike protein or viral RNA may persist in some individuals for months post-infection. Persistent immune activation, microclots, endothelial dysfunction, mitochondrial impairment, and dysautonomia are documented...