Immune Systems Advisor

Dose, blood pressure, carotid plaque, brain health and bleeding risk, graded by evidence tier. By Dr. Frank Yap, MD | Last Updated October 2026 Quick Answer Nattokinase is a clot-dissolving enzyme made by Bacillus subtilis during natto fermentation. Its best-supported human effect is a modest blood pressure drop (about 3 to 5 mmHg systolic) in randomized trials. Plaque regression has been reported only at 6,000 FU/day or higher, in studies that were unblinded or retrospective, while the largest placebo-controlled trial at 2,000 FU/day was null. No trial has measured heart attacks, strokes or deaths. It acts on clotting, so it should not be combined with blood thinners without a clinician, and it must never replace a prescribed anticoagulant. Contents What nattokinase is How it works Human evidence table (CEBM tiers) Blood pressure Plaque and the dose question Cholesterol Brain and stroke research Spike protein claims Natto the food vs. the enzyme Safety, inte...

By OneDayMD Editorial Team · Originally published November 2024 · Last updated October 21, 2026 · Sources reviewed through October 21, 2026 · Next scheduled review: April 2027 Disclosures. This page contains one affiliate link to The Wellness Company (referral code ONEDAYMD); we may earn a commission at no cost to you. This article is educational, not medical advice. It does not conclude that COVID-19 vaccines cause cancer in any individual or population. Quick answer: are “turbo cancers” real? Early-onset cancers (diagnosed before age 50) are rising, and clinicians do see rare, fast-progressing cases. A vaccine-driven “turbo cancer” is not established. The best evidence is observational cohorts (Tier 2) plus case and mechanistic reports (Tiers 3–4) showing temporal association, not causation. A narrative review published October 15, 2026 in the Journal of Toxicology lists cancer as an open question and adds no new incidence data. What changed in this update (October 21, 2...

A widely discussed case shows a vaccine-injured patient’s anti-spike antibody levels falling after double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) at Edogawa Hospital in Tokyo, only to rebound within six months. Shared by Dr. Mary Talley Bowden and patient Robert Benson, the observation has fueled debate about persistent spike production, the limits of blood filtration, and the McCairn-Edogawa protocol. This article breaks down the case data, explains the treatment, examines the immunological context, and outlines what the findings do—and do not—establish. What Is the McCairn-Edogawa Protocol? The McCairn-Edogawa protocol is an experimental hospital-based program at Edogawa Hospital in Tokyo. It was developed with neuroscientist Kevin McCairn, PhD, and local clinicians for long COVID and post-vaccination injury presentations. The core approach combines two elements: Dual/Double Filtration Plasmapheresis (DFPP or DFPA) — Blood is separated; plasma passes through secondary filte...