Long COVID in 2026: Integrative Biological Insights and Therapeutic Considerations
Abstract Background: Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), continues to affect millions globally. Persistent symptoms include fatigue, cognitive impairment, dyspnea, autonomic dysfunction, and multi-organ involvement. Objectives: To summarize the latest 2026 research on biological mechanisms, clinical features, risk factors, and treatment approaches for Long COVID. Methods: Literature review of peer-reviewed publications, government reports, and large cohort studies from 2023–2026, using PubMed, PMC, NIH RECOVER data, and major news outlets reporting verified research. Results: Key mechanisms identified include persistent inflammation, microvascular thrombosis, immune dysregulation, autonomic nervous system involvement, and in some patients, neurodegenerative protein elevations. Reinfection and pre-existing comorbidities are significant risk factors. Current management remains symptom-focused and multidisciplinary. ...